 -Kirk Tjalas, F.N.P.
Kirk Tjalas, F.N.P., provides exceptional care and meticulous attention to detail for every patient concern, ensuring comprehensive and personalized treatment for optimal health outcomes. |
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex and often misunderstood condition. While many may still use the term attention-deficit disorder (ADD), it is no longer a formal medical diagnosis. Instead, ADD is now considered part of ADHD, specifically reflecting the inattentive aspects of the disorder.
ADHD Overview
ADHD is one of the most common childhood mental disorders and can persist into adulthood. According to a recent study, 60% of children with ADHD experience symptoms into their mid-20s, with 41% continuing to have both symptoms and impairments as young adults (Sibley, 2017). ADHD is typically characterized by an inability to focus, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
Two Main Aspects of ADHD
ADHD manifests in two primary ways, each with its own set of symptoms (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2021):
Primarily Inattentive (formerly known as ADD)
- Difficulty paying close attention to details or making careless mistakes
- Struggles to stay focused on tasks or activities
- Often seems not to listen when spoken to directly
- Frequently does not follow through on instructions
- Difficulty organizing tasks, leading to missed deadlines
- Avoids or dislikes tasks requiring sustained mental effort
- Often loses things necessary for tasks or daily life
- Easily distracted
- Frequently forgets daily tasks, activities, or appointments
Primarily Hyperactive-Impulsive
- Fidgets, taps hands or feet, or squirms in seat
- Cannot stay seated in situations where it is expected
- Always on the go or acts as if driven by a motor
- Inability to engage in leisure activities quietly
- Talks excessively
- Blurts out answers before questions have been completed
- Difficulty waiting in line
- Interrupts or intrudes on others
Combined Presentation
A third type of ADHD includes symptoms of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive presentations. The manifestation of ADHD can change over time, and symptoms can vary widely among individuals. Formal diagnosis by a healthcare professional, such as Kirk F.N.P., is essential to identify ADHD and determine appropriate treatment.
ADHD Diagnosis
Diagnosing ADHD involves a comprehensive evaluation, as no single test can confirm the disorder. Symptoms must be present for at least six months and impair daily functioning. ADHD is diagnosed by psychiatrists, psychologists, primary care physicians, or pediatricians (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2022).
History of ADHD
The recognition of ADHD began a century ago, with definitions evolving over time (Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [CHADD], n.d.):
- 1918-1919: During the global influenza pandemic, some children experienced high fevers that altered brain function, leading to symptoms similar to those seen in ADHD (Swanson, 2020).
- 1960s: Researchers began recognizing hyperactivity in some children with these symptoms, leading to the coexistence of ADD and ADHD terms.
- 1980s: Hyperactivity was identified as just one aspect of ADHD rather than a defining symptom.
Today, ADHD is understood as a disorder that can significantly impact a person’s life, regardless of age.
Treating ADHD
ADHD treatments for children and adults typically involve a combination of behavioral therapy and medications. There is no known cure, but effective management can significantly improve quality of life (American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP], 2019).
Accommodations for ADHD
For children, ADHD can qualify under the “other health impairment” category of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), making them eligible for special education services (Learning Disabilities Association of America, 2013). For adults, reasonable accommodations in the workplace can be provided under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), such as flexible scheduling and organizational tools.
Living with ADHD
Living with ADHD can be challenging, but with proper support and treatment, individuals can thrive. Here are some strategies to manage ADHD effectively:
- For Children: Work closely with school officials to develop an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) or 504 Plan. Ensure that your child receives the necessary accommodations to succeed in school.
- For Adults: Consider disclosing your condition to your employer to receive necessary accommodations. Utilize organizational tools, such as planners and reminders, to stay on track.
For expert guidance and support in managing ADHD and other health concerns, reach out to Priority Medical Group today. Empower yourself with the knowledge and resources to take control of your health journey.
Disclaimer
If you have any medical questions or concerns, please talk to your healthcare provider. The articles on Priority Medical Group Guide are underpinned by peer-reviewed research and information drawn from medical societies and governmental agencies. However, they are not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
Sources
- American Academy of Pediatrics. (2019). ADHD: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics, 144(4), e20192528. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-2528
- American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
- Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD). (n.d.). Understanding ADHD. https://chadd.org/understanding-adhd/
- National Institute of Mental Health. (2021). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml
- Sibley, M. H. (2017). Longitudinal Outcome of Childhood ADHD: Early Predictors of Adult Outcomes. Journal of Attention Disorders, 21(8), 613-624. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054714528659
FAQ:
| Can ADHD be classified as a learning disability? | While ADHD is not automatically considered a learning disability, it can qualify under the “other health impairment” category of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This classification can make students eligible for special education services if ADHD significantly impacts their learning. |
| What accommodations can be provided for adults with ADHD in the workplace? | Adults with ADHD may receive reasonable accommodations under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), such as a quiet workspace, flexible scheduling, or use of organizational tools. These accommodations aim to help employees perform essential job functions without causing undue hardship to the employer. |
| How can I get my child evaluated for ADHD and potential learning disabilities? | You can request a free evaluation from your school district if you suspect your child has ADHD or a learning disability. Schools are required by law to assess children who may need special education services. Documentation from an outside healthcare provider, like Kirk F.N.P., can also support your case during discussions with school officials. |
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